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daily-triage/load-average-climbs-cpu-usage-flat-linux-host.md
Daily Triage Briefing

Load Average Climbs While CPU Usage Stays Flat on a Linux Host

Impact Summary

A fictional Linux host shows rising load average with flat CPU utilisation; the reveal traces this to uninterruptible-sleep processes blocked on storage I/O, not a CPU bottleneck, guiding correct diagnosis before any remediation.

SeveritySEV-3
StatusResolved simulation
PlatformOperating Systems
Incident TypeOperating Systems
Published8 Sept 2026
Technologies Involved
Linux

Simulation Label

Fictional simulation. This exercise is a bounded, invented training scenario for practising operational reasoning. No real organisation, incident, telemetry, credentials or production identifiers are involved or implied.

Operational Summary

Root Cause

A concurrent backup job issuing synchronous reads against a saturated shared network-attached volume caused a growing queue of uninterruptible-sleep (D-state) processes, inflating load average while CPU utilisation remained low; the platform was I/O-bound, not CPU-bound.

Detection Method

Evidence-led guided investigation

Current Status

Resolved simulation

Affected Services

Linux

Incident Overview

A mid-sized application platform runs a fleet of Linux virtual machines behind a load balancer. On the fictional host app-node-07, an on-call systems administrator receives an automated alert: the one-minute load average has climbed from a typical value of around 2 to over 18 on a host with 4 CPU cores.

The alert threshold is tuned for load average relative to core count, so this trips a paging alert. The administrator opens a shell session to begin triage.The first instinct is to assume the CPU is saturated and that a runaway process is consuming cycles.

However, the administrator notices that response times for the application on this host have only degraded slightly, not catastrophically, which does not match the usual pattern seen during genuine CPU-bound incidents on this platform.

Investigation Options

Review the available operational moves and select the best immediate action.

A

Immediately provision additional CPU cores for the host to relieve perceived CPU pressure

B

Run iostat and ps to confirm whether elevated load average is driven by I/O wait rather than CPU contention before changing capacity

C

Kill all processes in D state to force the load average back down

D

Restart the host to clear the load average spike and monitor whether it recurs

Tags:Linux